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Hardware Math

Data Changelog

Last updated: 2026-07-22

This page records every change to our hardware data: what changed, when, and which official source it was checked against. Entries we cannot verify stay flagged here and on their own pages.

Verification status

1 of 164 hardware entries are still awaiting an official source. Each one is flagged in the tools and on its own page until a human confirms it against the manufacturer’s specification and records the date.

Change history

  1. 2026-07-22

    Two standards explainers added, and the PSU-headroom guide expanded

    Affected data: guides.json

    New: “12VHPWR vs 12V-2x6” and “ATX 3.0 vs ATX 3.1”. Both are built only on documents anyone can open — chiefly Intel’s ATX design guides, which Intel publishes openly at every revision, so the two ATX versions could be compared line by line rather than argued about. Each section names the document it rests on. The headroom guide grew from 765 to about 1,800 words and now covers why many PSU calculators return a number larger than the physics requires.

  2. 2026-07-22

    Removed the 35 mm cable-bend figure — no specification publishes it

    Affected data: gpus.json, guides.json

    Sourcing the connector article found a claim already live on 29 card pages and in the connector checker: avoid tight cable bends within about 35 mm of the plug. The figure traces to a cable manufacturer’s blog post citing its own testing. It is absent from Intel’s design guide and from NVIDIA’s user guides, so it has been removed rather than softened. What replaces it is NVIDIA’s own instruction: ensure the plug is fully inserted and seated flush against the receptacle.

  3. 2026-07-22

    Guide sources now cite the exact figure and check date

    Affected data: guides.json

    Four guides cited a vendor’s top-level product listing with a “source to be confirmed” flag — accurate when the dataset was unverified, misleading now. Each hardware figure a guide uses is cited individually, naming the value, the manufacturer page it was read from, and the date it was checked. No guide on the site now carries an unverified source.

  4. 2026-07-22

    CPU peak power now states whether it is the vendor’s figure or ours (49 parts)

    Affected data: cpus.json

    AMD publishes no PPT for any desktop Ryzen — its specification database lists 740 processors and has no PPT field, and the product pages show Default TDP only. Intel did not publish a Maximum Turbo Power before 12th gen. For those 49 parts our peak figure is arithmetic on the vendor’s base power, but the pages had been describing it as the vendor’s own ceiling. Each now says plainly that the number is ours and shows the calculation. The 36 Intel parts whose peak Intel does publish are unchanged. No power figure moved; only the claim about where it came from.

  5. 2026-07-22

    Per-entry notes are now shown on the page (120 entries)

    Affected data: cpus.json, gpus.json

    Notes explaining things like why a 65 W Ryzen 7 9700X shows a 142 W peak (AMD later enabled a 105 W mode) were stored but never displayed. They are now rendered. Making them visible exposed errors they had accumulated unread: the Core i3-13100’s note quoted a Maximum Turbo Power of 89 W, which belongs to the i3-12100 — Intel ARK gives 110 W, which is what the entry has always stored and shown. Six Ryzen notes argued a "76 W PPT" against the figure on their own page; since AMD publishes no PPT at all, neither number was ever the vendor’s. The RX 6500 XT’s note cited the 4 GB variant’s 107 W board power against the entry’s own 113 W.

  6. 2026-07-22

    Five cards no longer credit a vendor with a PSU recommendation it never published

    Affected data: gpus.json

    All 79 GPUs were re-checked against the manufacturer. 74 matched exactly. The Arc A770 stored 650 W, but Intel’s only published figure for it is 600 W (Arc Desktop Quick Start Guide, which names the A770 and A750 Limited Editions on one line); that is now corrected. The RX 7900 GRE, RX 590, Arc B570 and Arc A580 stored figures that no vendor document carries, and now show no vendor recommendation at all — our own estimate is unaffected. The RX 590 also loses its 225 W board power claim: AMD lists the card but leaves board power, PSU and connector blank, as it does for every 2018 RX 500 refresh.

  7. 2026-07-22

    Source links repointed and four Intel CPUs re-sourced

    Affected data: cpus.json, gpus.json

    The Core i9-9900K, i7-9700K, i5-9600K and i7-8700K were marked as having no source, which was wrong: their 95 W TDP is live on Intel ARK and was read there. Only their peak is unpublished, and that is now recorded separately. Five NVIDIA cards cited URLs that redirect away — the RTX 3070 and 3060 Ti moved to family pages, and the RTX 2060, 2060 SUPER and 2070 SUPER lost their product pages entirely, surviving only in NVIDIA’s comparison table. Each now links somewhere that actually carries the figure, with a note naming the column to read.

  8. 2026-07-15

    Add Radeon RX 9070 GRE (verified vs amd.com)

    Affected data: gpus.json

    Market scan for missing released desktop GPUs found one: the Radeon RX 9070 GRE (RDNA 4, global retail 2026-06-02). Added and verified against AMD official product page — Typical Board Power 220 W, 2x 8-pin, Minimum PSU 650 W. Not added: RTX 50 SUPER refresh, RTX 5080 Ti, RX 9050 (not released); RX 9060 non-XT (OEM/prebuilt-only, no retail card).

  9. 2026-07-15

    Add 10 released desktop CPUs (verified vs Intel.com / amd.com)

    Affected data: cpus.json

    Added 7 Intel + 3 AMD parts that had shipped but were missing, each verified on the manufacturer spec page. Intel Arrow Lake non-K: Core Ultra 9 285 (65/182 W), Ultra 7 265 (65/182), Ultra 5 245 (65/121), Ultra 5 225 (65/121). Intel Arrow Lake Refresh (Core Ultra 200S Plus, Q1 2026): Ultra 7 270K Plus (125/250), Ultra 5 250K Plus (125/159), Ultra 5 250KF Plus (125/159). AMD Ryzen 9000: Ryzen 5 9600, Ryzen 7 9700F, Ryzen 5 9500F (all 65 W TDP, 88 W PPT via AM5 tier). Not added: Ryzen 5 9600X3D (no official amd.com page — 404, disputed TDP, SI-only).

  10. 2026-07-15

    Intel 10th/11th-gen peak power verified via Intel datasheets (+6)

    Affected data: cpus.json

    Followed up on the six 10th/11th-gen Intel CPUs whose Maximum Turbo Power (PL2) is not listed on Intel ARK. An agent fetched and parsed the official Intel datasheets — 11th Gen (Rocket Lake-S) doc 634648-004 Table 5-3 and 10th Gen (Comet Lake-S) doc 615211-008 Table 5-6, "Package Turbo Specifications" — and confirmed all six PL2 figures exactly (i7-11700K/i5-11600K 251 W, i5-11400 154 W, i7-10700K 229 W, i5-10600K 182 W, i5-10400 134 W). These are now verified with the datasheet as source. Four 8th/9th-gen K parts (i9-9900K, i7-9700K, i5-9600K, i7-8700K) remain unverified: they predate Intel's PL1/PL2 turbo-power framework, so there is no official single peak figure to cite.

  11. 2026-07-15

    Precise 8-pin + 6-pin connector representation for 9 GPUs

    Affected data: gpus.json

    Added an optional secondaryType/secondaryCount to the connector schema so mixed reference designs can be expressed exactly. Nine cards whose reference design is 1x 8-pin + 1x 6-pin — RTX 2080 SUPER, RTX 2070 SUPER, GTX 1080 Ti, RX 6750 XT, RX 6700 XT, RX 5700 XT, RX 5700, Arc A770, Arc A750 — now show "1x PCIe 8-pin + 1x PCIe 6-pin" instead of the earlier 2x 8-pin approximation, with a note that many partner cards do use 2x 8-pin. ATX 3.x advice and cable-safety guidance treat the mix as a multi-connector card.

  12. 2026-07-15

    GPU official-source verification pass — 62 confirmed, 4 corrected (rx-590 pending)

    Affected data: gpus.json

    A parallel multi-agent web team re-checked all 63 previously-unverified GPUs against manufacturer specifications (NVIDIA GeForce spec pages, AMD product pages, Intel Arc pages; TechPowerUp was blocked by bot-detection and not used). Corrections made to match official figures: rx-6500-xt board power 107 -> 113 W (AMD TBP); recommended-PSU fixes rx-9060-xt 550 -> 450 W, rx-7600-xt 650 -> 600 W, rx-5600-xt 450 -> 550 W. Connector notes added to 20 cards to disclose reference-vs-partner-card configuration (several reference designs are 8-pin+6-pin, represented as the common 2x 8-pin; and cards with no vendor-published reference connector are labelled as common partner config). 62 GPUs marked verified with real source URLs. rx-590 remains unverified: it was an AIB-only launch and AMD publishes no reference board-power/PSU/connector for it.

  13. 2026-07-15

    CPU official-source verification pass — 61 confirmed, 4 corrected (10 legacy Intel pending)

    Affected data: cpus.json

    The same multi-agent team re-checked all 71 previously-unverified CPUs. AMD: Default TDP read from AMD product pages (older models via the Wikipedia Ryzen list where AMD pages 404/redirect, vendor-corroborated); PPT derived from the documented AM4/AM5 socket power tier. Intel: Processor Base Power and Maximum Turbo Power read from Intel ARK. Corrections to match official figures: core-i3-13100 MTP 89 -> 110 W (89 was the i3-12100 value, a copy error); ryzen-7-5700x / ryzen-5-5600x / ryzen-5-5600 PPT 76 -> 88 W (AM4 65 W socket tier; siblings already used 88). ryzen-7-9700x / ryzen-5-9600x kept at 142 W with a note (105 W-mode PPT, a conservative PSU-sizing figure; default is 65 W/88 W). 61 CPUs marked verified. The 10 8th-11th-gen Intel K/F parts remain unverified: their base power is confirmed on ARK, but Intel does not publish a Maximum Turbo Power for those generations on ARK, so the peak (PL2) figure could not be re-verified against an official source.

  14. 2026-07-08

    AMD/Intel web verification pass; +2 official-page confirmations (17 verified total)

    Affected data: cpus.json

    A 10-agent web team re-checked all remaining AMD/Intel entries against official vendor pages, each paired with the cached independent memory review. AMD's and Intel's sites blocked or timed out most automated fetches (AMD timeouts; Intel ARK HTTP 403), so most models received a strong two-source knowledge cross-check but no live official-page confirmation and remain needsVerification=true. Two AMD CPUs whose official amd.com model pages did load — Ryzen 9 7950X and Ryzen 9 7900X — are now confirmed and marked verified with their exact spec-page URLs. Total AI-verified entries: 17 (15 NVIDIA GPUs + 2 AMD CPUs). No figures required correction in this pass.

  15. 2026-07-08

    Multi-agent verification pass; 15 GPUs AI-verified against official pages

    Affected data: cpus.json, gpus.json

    A verification team (paired web + independent memory reviewers per family, plus power-delivery / guide-consistency / data-hygiene / PSU-sanity auditors) reviewed all 151 entries. Outcomes: RTX 50 series (7) and RTX 40 series (8) confirmed against official NVIDIA spec pages by two independent reviewers and marked needsVerification=false with the exact spec-page sourceUrl. One correction: Core i5-11600K peak 224->251W (conservative PL2). Connector encoding aligned to the reference/Founders-Edition input across the RTX 40 family (rtx-4070 and rtx-4060-ti set to 12V-2x6 to match siblings; notes cover partner 8-pin cards). Arc A380 given a single-8-pin reference encoding (retail cards ship a plug). Guide math and PSU-guidance audits found zero issues. Remaining entries stay needsVerification=true pending live official-page confirmation. See DATA_POLICY.md for what 'AI-assisted verification' means.

  16. 2026-07-08

    Dataset expansion round 3: 151 total entries (73 CPUs, 78 GPUs)

    Affected data: cpus.json (36 -> 73), gpus.json (38 -> 78), types.ts, en.json

    Added the remaining high-search used-market hardware: GeForce RTX 20/16/10 series (incl. GTX 1080/1070/1050 Ti, GT 1030), Radeon RX 6000 fill-in, RX 5000, Vega 64/56, RX 590/580/570, Intel Arc A-series, plus Ryzen 5000XT/5000G/4000/3000/2000 and Intel 12th/11th/10th/9th/8th gen CPUs. Introduced two new connector categories: 'pcie-6pin' and slot-powered cards (null connector, shown as 'None — powered by the PCIe slot alone'). All new entries ship needsVerification=true.

  17. 2026-07-08

    Major dataset expansion: +28 CPUs, +24 GPUs

    Affected data: cpus.json (8 -> 36), gpus.json (14 -> 38)

    Added previous-generation coverage: Ryzen 9000/7000/5000 and Intel Core Ultra 200S/14th/13th/12th gen CPUs; GeForce RTX 40/30 series, Radeon RX 7000/6000, and Intel Arc B-series GPUs. Figures are vendor-published limits, generated and independently cross-checked by two separate reviewers before inclusion (disagreements resolved to the conservative ceiling). All new entries remain needsVerification=true pending human verification against official spec pages. RX 6750 XT / 6700 XT connector counts recorded conservatively as two PCIe cables (reference 8-pin + 6-pin layout).

  18. 2026-07-07

    Initial sample dataset published

    Affected data: 8 CPUs, 14 GPUs, 6 monitor presets

    Seeded the launch dataset with current-generation retail parts and a few popular previous-generation cards. All hardware entries are conservative vendor-published limits and are flagged as needing human verification against official specification pages.

  19. 2026-07-07

    PSU sizing rules established

    Affected data: psuRules

    Set the headroom model (1.1x minimum floor; 1.25/1.35/1.45 comfort multipliers) and the retail PSU tier ladder used for rounding recommendations.